Precursors of the Cinema

Precursors of the Cinema  

Precursors of the Cinema  

Cinema is the so-called seventh art, next to sculpture, painting, dance, architecture, music and literature. Initially, it appeared more as a new technique of recording its movement and visualization, as the term itself (cinema = motion + writing) states.

History  

Precursors of the Cinema  

It is generally difficult to become a unique inventor of cinema, as a moving picture technique. Moreover, it is a fact that for many years the man has experimented with the effort to visualize the movement. A catalytic role in the evolution of cinema technique was the discovery and spread of photography in the mid- 19th century. One of the first and most important analyzes of camera motion was made in 1878 when British photographer Inwood Maybridge, having succeeded in developing sequential photography, depicting the movement of a horse, proving then that during the galloping there are moments when his feet have no contact with the ground. At about the same time, the French physicist Etienne Marre managed to capture the shooting of a bird with the help of a camera with the ability to capture 12 snapshots per minute.

The most important achievements in the development of cinematographic technique were made in the late 1880s, most notably, the invention of the filmmaker by William Dickson, who was working in the workshops of Thomas Edison. The cinemascope was a projection engine capable of projecting the film in a box, which was only visible to a viewer through a hole. The device first appeared officially on May 20, 1891, along with the first movie. Edison considered the invention of the minor, and he was not interested in viewing the films for more viewers. Moreover, it did not pave the way for the invention internationally, with the result that it was legitimate to copy and evolve in Europe, where it soon appeared as an imported product.

The film's precursors were special lighting scenes and curtains with stunning shadows that set out on street markets in central Europe. In 1895 the first Bioscope film was screened in Vienna, Germany.

In France, the Oocyst and Louis Lumiere, based on the Dickson and Edison motion pictures, invented cinematography, the portable movie camera, film, film, and film projection. On December 28, 1895, they also made their first public appearance in Paris. This date is referred to by many as the official day when the cinema in its current well-known form appeared. That audience watched a total of 35 people for a fee, and ten films of a total duration of about fifteen minutes were shown. The first films were short-lived, usually static, a scene of everyday life.

Cinema as an Art  

One of the first filmmakers to make use of the technology available for the production of films under art terms was Georges Méliès, who is also considered to be the first film directors. His films dealt with topics from the field of fantasy, while his movie Le voyage dans la lune (1901) was probably the first to attempt to describe a journey into space. In addition, he introduced visual effects techniques, while for the first time he played colored films, painting the film manually.

Starting with the new possibilities that emerged, the cinema was transformed internationally into a popular art form, while many cinemas were created for the exclusive purpose of screening movies. It is estimated that in 1908, in the United States there were about 10,000 movies. The films of that time lasted ten to fifteen minutes, but gradually their duration increased. An important contributor to this was the American director DW Griffith, which includes some of the first historical epics of the movie. In 1912 (or 1911), the theorist used for the first time in his essay the seventh art term to describe the cinema.

Bubble, Speech and Color Cinema 

Until the late 1920s, the cinema remained silent ( silent cinema ), and often the film projections were accompanied by live music. The story of the recorded cinematic sound began in 1926 when Warner Brothers presented a device ( Vitaphone ) that enabled music playback through a disc synchronized with the movie projector. Based on this new technology, at the end of 1927, The Jazz Singer was released, although for the most part, it was silent, it was the first to contain dialogues.

At about the same time as the sound adaptation, systematic efforts were made to add color. Color films had already appeared since the beginning of the 20th century, through the filming of film cartoons by hand, a method gradually abandoned, combined with an increase in the length of the films. Among the first synthetic methods of adding color, there was the Technicolor, which was perfected in 1941 ( Monopack Technicolor ), although it remained expensive due to the complex stages of color separation and appearance. After the end of World War II, Eastman Kodak 's color negative film appeared, which did not require a color separation process. Although until the 1950s, color film production declined, in the 1960s, thanks to the development of technology, color cinema prevailed.